41                   What is the Veda and the Vedic Literature?  

   This first syllable of the Rig Veda is elaborated and commented on in the first 24 richas
(verses), which are further elaborated in the corresponding 24 padas (phrases) of the next
eight richas, giving 192 of the meaning of the syllable Ak. These all emerge from the 24 sandhi
(gaps) of the first richa. From the 192 gaps between the 192 akshara (syllables) of richa 2-9,
emerge the 192 suktas of the First Mandala of the Rig Veda. 
   The 192 sandhi between the 192 suktas of the first Mandala give rise to the 192 suktas of
the Tenth Mandala, a circular structure that precisely fills the gaps of the First Mandala.
Similarly, the gaps between the nine richas of the first sukta are elaborated in Mandala 2-9 of
Rig Veda, unfolding the total Rig Veda with all its ten Mandalas.41
   The whole of the Rig Veda has a marvelous and intricately interwoven structure that is
beyond the capacity of the human mind to create. It was not created, but cognized by the
seers of ancient India. This is part of the reason that Maharishi recognizes the tradition that the
Veda and the Vedic literature “eternal” or uncreated. 

 

The Three-in-One Structure of Pure Knowledge:  
The flow of Rishi, Devata, and Chhandas in the Structure of the Veda  

  There is one other structure of the Veda that is basic to understanding the Veda. In the
process of knowing itself, the infinite pure consciousness, which is eternal knows itself. In
knowing itself, pure consciousness creates a division within itself of knower, known, and
process of knowing. This is necessary for it to know itself. It is both eternally one, and yet it is
eternally  three—knower,  knowing,  and  known—making  a  three-in-one structure of self-
knowing consciousness. 
   This is another fundamental feature of pure consciousness that it is both eternally one and
eternally many. From the threefold structure of knower, known, and process of knowing,
consciousness continues to reflect on itself, giving rise to many more reiterations of itself, until
the one has evolved into the diversity of the entire Veda. 
   This  threefold  structure  of  pure  knowledge,  that it is one and three at the same time,
Maharishi calls the three-in-one structure of pure knowledge. It is expressed in the Veda in
the terms rishi (knower), devata (process of knowing) and chhandas (known). Every sukta
of the Rig Veda has a structure of rishi, devata, and chhandas, which is announced at the
beginning  of  the  hymn. There are infinitely many values of rishi, infinitely many values of
devata, and infinitely many values of chhandas. These provide the basic key to understanding
the structure of the Rig Veda, as well as Sama, Atharva, and Yajur Veda. 

                                                 
41 See Tony Nader, The Human Physiology: Expression of Veda and the Vedic Literature, (Vlodrop,
Holland: Maharishi Vedic University Press, 2000), p. 57.